Frequently Asked Questions

Water can contain a wide range of contaminants, ranging from microbiological organisms to a wide range of potentially toxic chemicals. 

Fluidion develops instruments that can measure both microbiological contamination (ALERT product range) and chemical water characteristics (e-Chem product range).

Microbiological contamination with viruses or bacteria can lead to immediate health effects, ranging from mild diarrhea and skin rashes to serious life-threatening diseases that require urgent hospitalization. 

Chemical contamination can in certain cases have immediate effects, but more often it has an additive effect over time (similar to cigarette smoking). Certain chemicals can accumulate in the body over time, with continued exposure leading to potentially serious conditions: developmental problems, hormonal disorders, sterility, increased risk of different cancers. Modern treatment solutions can generate safe water drinking water, but new contaminants are discovered all the time.

There are many potential contaminants and routes for them to get into our water. Old metal pipes that become increasingly corroded can leach heavy metals into drinking water. Chlorine we add to our water to keep it microbiologically safe can create toxic disinfection byproducts. Sewage systems can overflow into rivers, contaminating them with bacteria and pathogens. Even treated wastewater which is discharged in our rivers contains large amounts of bacteria, viruses and dangerous chemicals. Nitrogen and phosphorus-rich nutrients from our wastewater can overwhelm whole ecosystems, and lead to major algal blooms, dead fish etc. Many medications that  are not metabolized by our systems and can get into wastewater through urine, but are not removed by treatment plants and therefore are increasingly present in our water sources. Toxic “forever chemicals”, such as the man-made chemicals commonly used to manufacture non-stick pans and waterproof breathable fabrics, end up in our waters and remain there forever: they are so chemically inert that no natural processes will destroy them. The regular everyday plastics end up turning into microplastics which persist in the environment, including in the deepest oceans. Intensive agricultural practices are responsible for leaching  toxic pesticides into waters for years after being used - many of these chemicals cannot be removed by current treatment plants. CO2 released into the atmosphere by our cars, planes and industry ends up polluting the planetary ocean through the rapid acidification it induces.

No, wells and springs are often contaminated by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses or other microorganisms. They can also contain many harmful chemicals. Even groundwater can be contaminated. Clear water does not guarantee safety. Regular testing is the only way to ensure safety!

Water testing ensures safety by detecting bacteria, chemicals, and other contaminants that are invisible to the senses. Regular testing helps prevent health risks, ensures compliance, enables process optimization,  and verifies water treatment effectiveness. Water quality testing also provides a window into the state of our planet and its ecosystems !

It depends on the application. Since water quality can change rapidly, we recommend frequent measurements to help detect changes in water quality immediately, and provide early warning for contamination to enable prompt mitigation action. Fluidion’s automated water monitoring solutions provide real-time data transmission and centralization, ensuring faster detection and safer water, without delays.

Not necessarily—basic drinking water filters remove sediment, some organics, and chlorine, but may not eliminate bacteria, viruses, or toxic chemicals like pesticides, heavy metals or PFAS. Microbiologically-pure water requires specialized filtration followed by UV or chemical treatment for efficient disinfection. Nevertheless, regular water testing is crucial to ensure the integrity of your filtration system, and guarantee that it is effectively removing contaminants and that your water remains safe to drink.

No, this is a myth. While the human body can build some resistance to certain microbes, many waterborne pathogens can overwhelm even the strongest immune systems. Drinking contaminated water exposes individuals to bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms that can cause severe illnesses.

No ! While rainwater may seem pure (“water from the sky”), it can pick up bacteria, viruses, and pollutants from the air, rooftops, and contaminated collection surfaces. Such contaminants can make it unsafe to drink without proper treatment and testing. Regular water quality testing ensures it meets safety standards before consumption.

Consuming water containing pathogens can cause a wide range of diseases, ranging from mild diarrhea to very serious life-threatening conditions. In severe cases, it may lead to dehydration, kidney damage, and long-term health issues, especially in vulnerable individuals (infants, the elderly, individuals with weakened immune systems). Fecal-origin waterborne pathogens pose a serious global health risk, mainly transmitted through contaminated drinking water, food, and recreational exposure. Over 1.5 million annual diarrheal fatalities are caused by microbiological contamination, which is leading to the fourth cause of mortality in young children globally.

Bacterial contamination mainly results from fecal pollution from stormwater or combined  sewer overflows, illicit household connections to rainwater infrastructure, open defecation, untreated or poorly treated wastewater, agricultural runoff, and failing septic systems. Flooding and stormwater can carry human and animal waste into water sources, while warm temperatures accelerate bacterial growth, worsening contamination risks.

Untreated or poorly treated wastewater or sewage introduces high concentration of organic matter, fecal matter and nutrients into water bodies, promoting important pathogen concentration and increasing health risks.

Usually, microbiological contamination is of fecal origin. Such a wide variety of fecal pathogens can be present in the water, that it is impossible to test for all of them. Therefore, we look for certain microorganisms that tend to be present in sewage and relatively easy to test - these are called “fecal indicators”. To be useful for monitoring contamination, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are chosen according to a few criteria. First, they need to be present in large quantities in the fecal matter: this ensures that they provide a sensitive indicator. Second, they need to be relatively easy to detect and quantify: this ensures that they provide a measurable indicator. Third, they need to react to different treatment processes in similar ways to other pathogens: this ensures that they are a representative indicator. The most common fecal indicator bacteria are Escherichia coli (E.coli) and enterococci, which are present in high concentrations in the guts of humans and other warm-blooded animals. Their presence in high concentrations has been associated through epidemiological studies with increased risks of waterborne disease. Depending on the specific water use, current regulations require detecting and quantifying viable and culturable E.coli and/or enterococci.

In addition to fecal indicator bacteria, other microorganisms may be measured. Some of these are called “human markers” because they are present predominantly in the human gut. Since the risks associated with presence of human sewage are generally higher than those associated with say, bird poop, human markers are sometimes used to indicate whether the contamination is of human or animal origin.

Traditional lab testing for fecal indicator bacteria can take several days to deliver results, which is often too late to allow for corrective action. Laboratory testing comes with  complex logistic requirements - sample collection, refrigeration, transport to a lab within short holding times, completion of chain-of-custody paperwork. These require resources, involve considerable costs, and are prone to human error at every step. During transport the sample can degrade, leading to erroneous measurement results. Once the sample gets to the lab, standard testing methods require a long time to produce results (18h for the fastest available approved E.coli monitoring method). Existing lab methods have important limitations - they cannot measure bacteria attached to fecal particles, for instance, leading to major risk underestimation in certain instances. Laboratories often do not operate on weekends (that’s precisely when you go to your favorite beach, is it not?).

By contrast, Fluidion’s ALERT instrumentation is designed to be used directly in the field (no more sample transport costs and logistics), and provides accurate results within a few hours only. This provides rapid decision-making capability, enabling same-day preventive action. The fully-automated measurement process means that human error sources are eliminated. Fluidion’s ALERT technology provides faster, more accurate results, allowing for effective monitoring of drinking water networks, irrigation sources, recreational bathing sites, and aquatic sports venues. This means a greatly reinforced protection of our health against waterborne disease. 

Zero. According to the World Health Organization, water is considered safe for drinking when no E. coli are detectable in 100 ml of water. The absence of E. coli (and of coliforms in general) is a drinking water requirement in most countries. 

In some locations where water treatment is unavailable, most water sources may contain a certain amount of bacteria. In such settings where presence/absence testing does not provide relevant information, the World Health Organization has developed a risk-class system based on the E. coli concentration present in the water. A count of less than 1 /100 ml is regarded as low risk; 1–10 /100 ml is medium risk; 11–100 /100 ml is high risk; greater than 100 /100 ml is very high risk.

Depending on the type of water and on the local jurisdiction, what is deemed acceptable may vary. European and US regulations have different thresholds, depending on the final water usage. In Europe, regulations are generally defined at EU-level by the Drinking Water Directive, Bathing Water Directive, the Water Reuse Directive and the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive. In the US, regulations are generally set by the Clean Water Act, the EPA Coliform Rule and the Food Safety Modernization act. The WHO also provides guidelines and thresholds that are used in many countries. Specific organisms and industries may set different safety thresholds.

Wastewater reuse, or recycling, involves treating wastewater to make it safe for applications such as irrigation, industrial use, and groundwater recharge. There is also the possibility of enhanced treatment for direct potable reuse. It is a crucial strategy in water resource management, reducing pressure on freshwater supplies while mitigating environmental pollution. However, from a microbiological perspective, wastewater, even after treatment, can pose significant health risks if not properly managed. 

Treated wastewater used for irrigation may still contain pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Vibrio, and enteric viruses, which can contaminate crops and water bodies, posing a threat to public health. Additionally, wastewater can harbor antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), exacerbating global antimicrobial resistance. Properly regulated wastewater reuse can provide a sustainable solution for water scarcity while minimizing health risks associated with microbial contamination.

Yes! Contaminated water can appear clear and odorless while still containing pathogens. Regular microbiological testing is the only way to ensure water safety.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are strains of bacteria that have evolved to survive antibiotic treatments that are designed to effectively kill them or stop their growth. This resistance develops due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare, agriculture, and livestock.

These bacteria pose a serious global health threat because they cause infections that are difficult to treat, leading to prolonged illness, increased medical costs, and higher mortality rates. As fewer antibiotics remain effective, treatment options become limited, and delays in finding the right medication can worsen health outcomes. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can also spread between people, animals, and the environment, further complicating disease control efforts. Common antibiotic-resistant pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus and certain strains of E. coli and Klebsiella.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is commonly used as an indicator of fecal contamination in water sources. While most strains of E. coli are harmless, their presence in water signals potential pollution from sewage, agricultural runoff, or animal waste, which may also contain harmful pathogens.

Certain strains of E. coli, such as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), can be highly pathogenic and pose serious health risks. Contaminated drinking or recreational water can serve as a transmission route for these dangerous strains, leading to severe gastrointestinal illness and, in extreme cases, complications like hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can cause kidney failure.

We are actively working on the topic, and have demonstrated the ability to measure STEC pathogenic E. coli in the field. Check back with us soon !

Yes, we have the ability to test for both viral and bacterial human markers, and for specific pathogens. We routinely test for typical markers such as the PMMoV virus and HF-183 bacteroides. These are valuable as a tool for microbial source tracking, which indicates whether the origin of the fecal contamination is human sewage or animal waste. 

Metals like mercury, cadmium, and lead can accumulate in aquatic organisms, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain. These contaminants originate from industrial discharge, mining, and atmospheric deposition.

Drinking water should ideally have a pH between 6.5 and 8.5. The pH of water can affect its taste, efficiency, and disinfection. High pH (alkaline) water can have a bitter taste and may reduce disinfection efficiency, requiring higher chlorine doses to maintain water safety. Conversely, low pH (acidic) water is corrosive, potentially causing metal leaching, which can lead to contamination and infrastructure damage.

Emerging contaminants are chemicals and pollutants that have been recently recognized as potential threats to human health and the environment. They are not yet fully regulated but are increasingly detected in water supplies, raising concerns about their long-term effects. These include PFAS (forever chemicals), pesticides, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and microplastics. Traditional water treatment methods do not fully remove PFAS, pesticides, and EDCs. Advanced treatment technologies such as activated carbon filtration, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and advanced oxidation are required to effectively remove these contaminants and ensure safe drinking water. Regular water testing is also essential to monitor and control their presence.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent, bioaccumulative chemicals found in firefighting foams, non-stick coatings, waterproof breathable fabrics, and industrial processes. They have been linked to cancer, immune system effects, and developmental issues. Their persistence makes removal challenging, requiring advanced filtration methods. They are difficult to detect, especially at very low concentrations.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are pollutants that interfere with hormone systems, affecting growth, reproduction, metabolism, and brain development. They are found in pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and industrial waste. They pose risks to aquatic species and human health even when present in low concentrations. Common EDCs include bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and certain pesticides, which have been linked to fertility issues, developmental disorders, and cancer.

Pesticides from agricultural runoff contaminate surface and groundwater, affecting aquatic life and human health. Some break down quickly, while others persist for years. Some pesticides commonly used in the past are persistent and were linked to high and cumulative toxicity. They may not be removed by standard water filtration processes, therefore posing a public health threat. Regular monitoring helps assess risks and inform regulatory actions.

Microplastics are tiny plastic particles, on the order of the millimeter or smaller in size, that persist in the environment. They are classified into two types: primary microplastics, which are intentionally manufactured for products like cosmetics, synthetic textiles, and industrial abrasives, and secondary microplastics, which result from the breakdown of larger plastic items such as bottles and fishing nets due to sunlight, waves, and mechanical forces.

Microplastics enter water systems through improperly disposed garbage, wastewater from households and industries, stormwater runoff, landfill leakage, and atmospheric deposition. While some are filtered out in treatment plants, many escape into rivers, lakes, and oceans, accumulating in marine and freshwater ecosystems.

The e-Chem V2 does not currently measure emerging contaminants, but they are on our radar. The list of e-Chem available parameters is continuously expanding as new measurement protocols are developed. For information on upcoming parameters or specific measurement needs, please contact us directly.

Excessive nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural runoff, wastewater, and fertilizers can lead to eutrophication, causing harmful algal blooms (HABs), oxygen depletion, and fish kills. Regular monitoring of these nutrients helps manage pollution and protect ecosystems.

Salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and nutrient concentrations (nitrate, phosphate, silicate) are key factors that should be considered to assess marie water quality. Regular monitoring helps understand ocean acidification, marine ecosystem health, and climate change impacts.

Ocean acidification occurs when increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) dissolves in seawater, lowering pH levels. This reduces the availability of calcium carbonate, affecting shell-forming organisms like corals and mollusks. As a result, ecosystems become more vulnerable, disrupting food chains, fisheries, and biodiversity.

Water used in industrial processes needs to respect strict quality control guidelines, as the process result may strongly depend on water quality. Regular monitoring is essential in these cases to ensure adequate process control. Regular water testing also informs about the potential for  scaling, corrosion, and contamination. Testing water can optimize treatment efficiency and reduce maintenance costs. It also ensures compliance with environmental regulations, preventing penalties and reputational risks.

Element analysis is the process of detecting and measuring metals, minerals, and chemical elements in industrial water. It helps operators monitor industrial processes, prevent equipment damage, ensure regulatory compliance, and optimize production processes. Commonly analyzed elements include heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, iron, mercury, which can impact product safety and environmental discharge limits. Regular testing helps maintain operational efficiency, environmental safety, and industry standards.

Our solutions are designed for municipalities, environmental agencies, industrial facilities, researchers, but also for regular consumers and individuals needing fast, reliable and accurate water quality monitoring.

Absolutely! Our devices are designed for both experts and non-experts, with simple setup, automated testing, and user-friendly results interpretation. You can find all our training videos here.

Fluidion devices can monitor drinking water, recreational water, industrial water, and natural bodies like rivers, lakes, and oceans. Read further on our applications here.

Yes, our devices are designed for on-site, field use, making them ideal for remote locations without access to laboratory facilities. Most of Fluidion's devices are connected, meaning they can be controlled and monitored remotely, without physical access to the device.

Our devices can be shipped worldwide. Some battery shipping regulations may exist in some locations, which may limit their shipping. In such cases we provide local options. Contact us for specific shipping details for your region. You can also check our authorized distributors for local availability and support.

You can request a quote through our form here.

Yes! We offer training sessions, videos and comprehensive user manuals to ensure seamless setup and operation. We also provide different levels of on-going paid support.

Our systems are designed to last at least five years, with operational units still in use since their fabrication in 2017 (first commercial batches). To ensure system longevity, we provide paid factory maintenance on most products, with a recommended annual frequency. As we continuously develop new methods and enhance our existing techniques, we provide firmware updates to ensure our customers receive the latest features, even after their initial purchase.

For all our products, we offer a factory maintenance service that includes performing all recommended maintenance procedures, verifying the proper functioning of internal components, applying firmware updates (as available), and testing with real samples to ensure accurate calibration. 

ALERT One requires no maintenance other than occasional firmware updates to add new features and enhance performance. However, we recommend regularly disinfecting the system using a commercial disinfectant and paper towels, as it may be exposed to contaminated samples. Do not immerse the system in any liquid.

For the ALERT Lab and ALERT System V2, we recommend annual maintenance to ensure all features, including the sampling system, remain operational and that the O-rings (for V2), which keep the system waterproof, are properly lubricated. Additionally, we advise thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting the system’s exterior after each deployment and before storage. Please refer to our operating manual for further details.

For the e-Chem V2, the battery needs to be replaced and reagents need to be refilled every 4 to 12 weeks, depending on the usage. The waste tank (if used) should be emptied, or the effluent filters should be replaced regularly. No field calibration is required, but verification with standard solutions is possible.

All test results from Fluidion’s devices (ALERT Lab, ALERT System V2 and e-Chem V2) can be securely accessed through our online data platform at Fluidion Data Analytics page. Users can enter commands, visualize data, and analyze historical trends and measurement archives for better decision-making. 

For ALERT One, you can view the results on the device itself and download the data using Fluidion’s ALERT One data downloader.

For the Fluidion Drone, the data is stored in two locations. A complete set of data is saved inside the drone on a memory stick, which can be easily accessed and removed for transferring the data to a computer. Alternatively, another copy of the data is stored on the drone operator's computer in a folder called "log".

Yes, Fluidion supplies all the consumables required to perform all the tests (vials and reagents).

It depends on the material of the vials. Plastic vials are not reusable and need to be disposed of after every use. Glass vials are reusable but they have a specific procedure to sterilise and reuse for further tests. Some products, such as ALERT One, are only available with plastic vials.

The plastic vials are sterile when delivered, and so are the glass vials we supply. In case you reuse glass vials, these and the caps need to be sterilized before every use. Check your product manual for specific instructions.

The content of the vials after the tests are finished is considered microbiological waste. Therefore, ideally it must be deactivated before disposal. There are multiple methods including: chemical disinfection, heat treatment and others. Generally, the content of the vial can be disposed of in a sanitary sewer, but we recommend first adding 1 mL of commercial concentrated liquid bleach to the vial, mix and wait for 15 minutes to kill all bacteria. We recommend consulting your local regulations for the best practice on how to dispose of the samples. Ideally, contract a hazardous waste disposal company to remove the used vials periodically.

We cannot guarantee that but, it might be okay if the reagent has been stored in a fridge. You will need to watch the measurement curves, and if you start to see unusual curves, that could be a sign of a problem. We can only recommend using the reagent that is within the “Best By” period.

E. coli / Total coliforms reagents: The shelf life is 3 months after manufacturing when stored under recommended conditions. Seawater ALERT System V2 cartridges have a 1-month shelf life. We ensure fresh batches upon order reception and offer scheduled reagent deliveries to align with your testing schedule, minimizing reagent waste. If you’d like to schedule reagent orders, please contact us at [email protected].

Enterococci reagents and E. coli / Total coliforms seawater cartridges: The shelf life is 1 month after manufacturing.

Reagents can be stored non-refrigerated (but in the dark). Seawater cartridges can be stored for 1 month. Refrigeration is preferred where available, but it is not an issue if not refrigerated within the “Best By” period. It is normal for the bioreagent to develop some microcrystals or slightly darken over time, but it is not a sign that it is in any way compromised

Fluidion’s ALERT technology is an advanced automatic in situ bacterial quantification system that enables rapid detection of microbial water contamination without the need for laboratory processing. The system is based on a modified real-time culture-based method with enzymatic detection. ALERT can integrate multiple automated functions, including sample acquisition, reagent mixing, incubation, real-time multispectral optical analysis (absorbance/fluorescence), turbidity correction, signal analysis, bacterial quantification, and wireless data transmission.

By automating the entire process, ALERT technology eliminates human intervention, sample transport, and potential degradation, ensuring faster and more reliable results. The system quantifies the viable and culturable E. coli and total coliform load with a Time-to-Result (TTR) between 2 to 12 hours, depending on bacterial concentration. Please note that ALERT technology has the unique ability to measure both comprehensive and planktonic E.coli counts, providing the industry’s most accurate microbiological water safety risk assessment.

Check our Publications page to find the scientific literature describing the details of the ALERT method, the accuracy and the different independent verifications performed by internationally-recognized organisms. 

Comprehensive E. coli counts refer to the total number of E. coli bacteria present in a water sample, including both free-floating bacteria and those attached, often in high numbers, to fecal or sediment particles. The comprehensive count provides the most more complete assessment of contamination levels.

Planktonic E. coli counts measure only the free-floating individual bacteria and small aggregates (<5µm) in the water. The 5µm threshold is set so all free E. coli can pass unobstructed (they have a rod-shape with length that is typically around 2µm, and their diameter around 0.5µm), but larger aggregates are removed.

Since standard laboratory methods cannot measure E. coli bacteria that are aggregated on particles, they often underestimate the actual contamination. This is particularly true in waters impacted by recent sewage contamination, such as from open defecation, illicit household connections to the rainwater network, or from combined sewer overflows. These fecal particles or aggregates act as resilient infectious vectors, protecting and transporting E. coli and other pathogens, and posing a significant risk in urban environments with older infrastructure. 

Understanding both planktonic and comprehensive counts is essential for accurate quantitative microbiological risk assessments. Our ALERT technology provides a highly-accurate risk assessment by being able to measure both comprehensive and planktonic E. coli counts.

ALERT results are shown in units of E.coli / 100 mL. When bacteria are uniformly dispersed, these are equivalent to laboratory units CFU / 100 mL (for membrane filtration and plating) or MPN / 100 mL (for the most probable number method). However, laboratory methods are unable to correctly measure the number of bacteria when they are not dispersed uniformly, as the lab measures several bacteria that are clumped together as a single unit. ALERT is capable of measuring both free bacteria, and those attached to fecal or sediment particles, or clumped together. Also, please note that ALERT products provide the results in decimal notation (e.g. “950”) when the count is less than 1000, and scientific notation (e.g. “3.2 E+03”) when the count is 1000 or higher.

Those are not actual results, but the current upper limit (as indicated by the sign “<” e.g. “< 2.5E+04 E.coli/100 mL”). This number gradually decreases until the actual detection occurs. At that point the number stops decreasing, and the final measurement is displayed (e.g. “= 500 E.coli/100 mL”)  A high initial upper limit reading is normal and does not mean inaccurate results—it’s part of the detection process.

For all microbiology analyzer products (ALERT One, ALERT Lab, and ALERT System V2), the test duration depends on the bacterial concentration in the sample—the higher the bacterial load, the shorter the test duration, allowing for faster quantification. The default test duration is 14 hours. This time is required to confirm the absence of any bacteria in the sample for drinking water purposes. 

For example:

In surface water, quantification can typically be obtained within 8 to 11 hours.

In wastewater, the quantification can be available in as little as 4 hours.

The upper limit is in the order of 1.0E+06 / 100 mL. We provide a standard wastewater calibration that requires a 1:4 dilution. If one might expect much higher values (that would be raw sewage), we would suggest a pre-dilution of 1:10, and then multiplying the result by the dilution factor.

ALERT technology is capable of consistently detecting a single target bacterium present in the sample. Therefore, the actual detection limit is given by the actual sample volume being analyzed. Most protocols use 25 mL or 50 mL of sample, which leads to a lower limit of 4, and respectively, 2 E. coli / 100 mL. Seawater measurements typically will have a limit of 11 E.coli / 100 mL. If a measurement does not register a detection, after the process has concluded, the result will be shown as lower than the detection limit for the current protocol.

Fluidion's secure Data Analytics platform can be accessed via https://data.secure-fluidion.com. Login credentials are required to access the platform.

It is the updated version of our Data Analytics platform where you can manage your devices, check water quality data, and export reports—all in a simpler, faster, and more mobile-friendly way.

Currently, ALERT System V2, ALERT Lab and e-Chem V2 can be accessed via the Data Analytics platform. Access to ALERT One will soon be available. 

The ALERT System V2, ALERT Lab, and e-Chem V2 can be operated directly from the Data Analytics platform, which features a responsive interface that can be accessed via a web browser on any mobile phone. Similarly, the historical measurement data can also be viewed from the Data Analytics platform, using any mobile terminal.

Anyone with a Fluidion device and an account with active subscription can access the Fluidion Data Analytics platform. Your organization can assign roles to manage users and data. There are two roles:

• Administrator: Can add users, manage accounts, and access everything.

• Operator: Can view and export data but cannot change settings.

You can export measurement results in CSV or multi-page PDF format from the Device Page, Deployment Page, or Historical Data Page.

Our support team is available at [email protected] for assistance.

As long as you have an active subscription, you will continue to have access to your data on our platform. In the event your subscription expires, your data is retained for a guaranteed period of two years.

You can manage subscription access through the "My Subscriptions" page by following these steps:

- Go to "My Subscriptions" to view your active subscriptions.

- Find the subscription you want to modify and click "Detail" to access the Subscription Detail page.

- Under "Access Profile List", click "Add New Access".

- Select the users from the dropdown list to grant them access to the subscription.

This method is especially useful when managing access for multiple users.

Yes, we provide a secured API for the users to download the data. Users will need to have an account on our data management platform and ask for API access from the administrator.

You will need to login to our online data management platform via https://data.secure-fluidion.com, then select "My API Token" from the left menu under "My Account".

Sure, you can re-generate your API token at any time. Once a new token is generated, the old one will be revoked.

Yes, we offer the possibility to download the data in PDF reports or CSV tables.

Yes, all of the raw data can be downloaded from the Data Analytics platform.

On the data platform, go to your subscription detail page. In the access control list, you can turn email alerts on/off and modify alert settings as needed.

Not yet, but stay tuned! Our upcoming mobile app will allow you to download data from ALERT One and upload it to the data management platform.

First, please follow the password reset procedure on the site. If you don’t receive a reset email, contact [email protected] with your registered username or email address for assistance.

Yes! Our platform provides an API that lets you retrieve data in JSON format, making it easy to integrate with your preferred statistical software.

Yes, Fluidion provides the required reagents, filters, and other consumables for the e-Chem V2. Contact us for specific shipping details for your region. You can also check our authorized distributors for local availability and support. Custom reagent formulations may also be available for specific applications.

Reagent lifespan depends on the type of reagent used. Typically, they last at least 3 months.

No, the e-Chem V2 can be outfitted with an activated carbon filter for the effluent, which retains all organic reagents on a solid phase. There is no pollution generated as long as the filter is changed periodically and in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.

Yes, the system has local data storage capabilities, ensuring that no measurements are lost during a network outage. Once connectivity is restored, data is automatically transmitted to the cloud.

The system generates minimal waste due to its microfluidic technology, which requires only small amounts of reagents. Waste is collected in a dedicated waste reservoir or adsorbed by an optional solid effluent filter. Depending on the configuration, the waste must be periodically emptied or the filter replaced. Proper disposal should follow local environmental regulations for chemical waste.

The battery lasts at least 3 weeks, though actual duration depends on environmental temperature, battery age and signal level. Typically, we recommend 1-month deployments between maintenances.

Yes, the e-Chem V2 automatically checks the battery level before each measurement. If the battery is too low, the measurement will not be performed.

Yes, Fluidion provides technical support. Contact our team at  [email protected] for assistance with troubleshooting, installation, or system configuration. 

Yes, the modules are designed for easy replacement to facilitate upgrades and repairs.

Data is updated on the server within a minute after the measurement is completed.

Yes, the e-Chem V2 can be fully controlled through the Data Analytics platform.

The e-Chem V2 has an 8GB SD card that stores important configuration information and is essential for the normal operation of the system. This SD card must not be removed while the system is turned on. If replaced with a new one, all configuration information and possibly some data points will be lost. For testing, debugging, and R&D purposes, a local copy of the data points is stored on the SD card, eliminating the need for a network connection to retrieve the data. However, during normal operation, the system transmits all data points to the Data Analytics platform for customer visualization and proper data archival. 

For advanced users: The amount of data points that can be stored locally in the SD card is theoretically very large, however the system will lag if the file containing this data is not erased for a long time, so we recommend sending a ‘DELETE DATA’ command from time to time to avoid this issue.

Yes, the cloud platform can be configured to send real-time alerts and notifications via email or SMS when measurements exceed user-defined thresholds.

Yes, you can verify calibration accuracy by connecting a standard solution bottle.

Please contact [email protected] for assistance with updating the firmware of the e-Chem V2. We will provide a detailed procedure along with the necessary firmware files for your system. The hardware requirements for a firmware update include a PC and a mini USB cable. Future versions of the system will feature an automatic firmware update capability.

The annual data subscription to Fluidion's Data Analytics platform includes an API that enables data exchange between Fluidion servers and third-party servers. This API also allows for control of the e-Chem V2 and data retrieval from third-party servers.

The analyzer can measure a variety of water quality parameters using different detection methods:

Colorimetry: Total chlorine, free chlorine, nitrite, ammonium, orthophosphates, pH

UV Spectroscopy: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrate, UV fingerprinting

MEMS/Solid State Sensors: Tank water level, sample temperature

New measurements are added continuously, so please check with us on the latest capabilities!

The e-Chem V2 can measure up to three colorimetric parameters at the same time, depending on reagent availability. Additional parameters like nitrate, DOC, temperature, and water level can also be measured concurrently. The latest versions may include a larger number of parameters. Check with us!

e-Chem V2 is a modular system and it is built on a powerful generic measurement platform. It can be configured for new parameters. Often this requires a simple firmware update and new reagents that are added to the system.

Yes, the system allows for parameter customization. Some new measurements can be added through over-the-air software updates without requiring hardware modifications. However, adding parameters that require different reagents or detection methods may require reagent changes or module upgrades.

Please refer to the product page for measurement ranges, accuracy, and precision specifications for current models.

No, the e-Chem V2 is not intended for portable use, but an in-situ version will be available soon for easy installation in rivers and other locations.

No, it does not. The system can be outfitted with an integrated peristaltic pump for sample intake.

Yes, the system is compatible with a range of water types, including freshwater, brackish water, and seawater. However, specific reagent formulations may be needed to account for matrix effects in high-salinity environments.

The e-Chem V2 utilizes an efficient filtration system and only requires microliter-scale sample volumes, reducing the risk of clogging. For extremely turbid water, pre-filtration or a settling stage may be recommended.

The e-Chem V2 is designed to maintain accuracy over long periods using lab-compliant wet chemistry methods. Unlike electrochemical sensors, it does not require frequent recalibration. However, periodic validation using standard solutions is recommended for quality control.

No, an automatic cleaning sequence is implemented and does not require manual maintenance.

For all our products, we offer a factory maintenance service that includes performing all recommended maintenance procedures, verifying the proper functioning of internal components, applying firmware updates (as available), and testing with real samples to ensure accurate calibration. 

For the e-Chem V2, the battery needs to be replaced and reagents need to be refilled every 4 to 12 weeks, depending on the usage. The waste tank (if used) should be emptied, or the effluent filters should be replaced regularly. No field calibration is required, but verification with standard solutions is possible.

The currently available calibrations within the instrument are based upon plastic vials and so plastic vials should be used. There may be calibrations for glass vials available in future firmware releases.

The content of the vials after the tests are finished is considered microbiological waste. Therefore, ideally it must be deactivated before disposal. There are multiple methods including: chemical disinfection, heat treatment and others. Generally, the content of the vial can be disposed of in a sanitary sewer, but we recommend first adding 1 mL of commercial concentrated liquid bleach to the vial, mix and wait for 15 minutes to kill all bacteria. We recommend consulting your local regulations for the best practice on how to dispose of the samples. Ideally, contract a hazardous waste disposal company to remove the used vials periodically. 

The ALERT One sample tubes are made of polypropylene.

No. The ALERT One does not know how much energy is left in the external battery, but most commercial power banks provide a visual indicator.

It is not recommended to use a power supply that was not approved by Fluidion. We do not guarantee correct operation if another power bank is being used. However the ALERT One will still work if the power bank can provide 5V 15W and handles trickles charge.

You can generate CSV report and pdf report using the ALERT One data downloader than can be found here.

Unfortunately deleting a measurement is definitive and cannot be recovered.

The ALERT One can keep up to 15 measurements in memory. If a new measurement is taken, the oldest one will be erased. 

Yes, if the curve is flat and no fluorescence detection is observed after the test is finished, then there is no E. coli present in the sample. 

You can stop a measurement by pressing the right button for 1 second during a measurement. The current dataset will be saved into history. However, for better quality control, we recommend  first checking the curves on the device to ensure proper detection.

In the device Settings menu, you can choose the Calibration option to select the change. New calibrations may become available and can be installed with a firmware upgrade.

No, periodic calibration is not needed for measurement accuracy. The instrument is calibrated in the factory and is ready for use when received. There are several calibrations available, depending on the specific water matrix. Some water matrices may require dilution - check the manual for the right procedure.

No, the ALERT One can only measure one sample at a time, and the measurement can take several hours. For surface water analysis you must wait 10-12 hours for a final measurement value, so with proper coordination you might be able to measurement two samples per day.

Yes. The instrument can be used to measure either E. coli and Total Coliforms, or Enterococci, when the corresponding reagent and calibration settings are applied. But not both coliforms and Enterococci at the same time. 

Yes. The screen is updated with the latest data point for the fluorescence and absorbance curves, along with the upper limit of the E. coli/Total Coliforms or Enterococci value. The displayed upper limit gradually decreases until the actual detection occurs. At that point the number stops decreasing, and the final measurement is displayed. A high initial upper limit reading is normal and does not mean inaccurate results—it’s part of the detection process.

Yes. The instrument needs to remain in a vertical position for accurate measurement results. There will be a warning sound (beep) to reposition the instrument if it is tilted while the measurement is ongoing.

It is water resistant, but not fully waterproof. Caution should be taken to not introduce any water to the instrument. Instrument warranty does not cover water damage. In case of accidental splash, clean any traces of water immediately using a dry towel, including inside the incubator.

For all our products, we offer a factory maintenance service that includes performing all recommended maintenance procedures, verifying the proper functioning of internal components, applying firmware updates (as available), and testing with real samples to ensure accurate calibration. 

ALERT One requires no maintenance other than occasional firmware updates to add new features and enhance performance. However, we recommend regularly disinfecting the system using a commercial disinfectant and paper towels, as it may be exposed to contaminated samples. Do not immerse the system in any liquid.

The content of the vials after the tests are finished is considered microbiological waste. Therefore, ideally it must be deactivated before disposal. There are multiple methods including: chemical disinfection, heat treatment and others. Generally, the content of the vial can be disposed of in a sanitary sewer, but we recommend first adding 1 mL of commercial concentrated liquid bleach to the vial, mix and wait for 15 minutes to kill all bacteria. We recommend consulting your local regulations for the best practice on how to dispose of the samples. Ideally, contract a hazardous waste disposal company to remove the used vials periodically. 

The ALERT Lab sample tubes are made of polypropylene.

Yes. The switch from battery to AC adapter (or vice versa) should be completed within 2min for the measurement to continue uninterrupted.

Yes, it is possible to start all measurements at once.

Yes, each measurement can be launched individually.

No, the device can test either for E.coli or enterococci, but cannot combine the two at the same time. You will need to switch between the two using the controls on the Data Analytics platform.

No. The instrument needs to be connected to the cell network in order to start the measurements. Once the measurements are ongoing, they will continue until the end of the incubation period and the data will be automatically uploaded to the Data Analytics platformas soon as the network connection has been re-established. However, the data will be erased once a new measurement is initiated in the same sample cell. In case you notice any missing data points on the Data Analytics platform, you can issue a “Download Data” command.

No, it is not currently possible to trigger a sample without a cell signal. This will become possible with the next generation of devices.

No, periodic calibration is not needed for measurement accuracy. The instrument is calibrated in the factory and is ready for use when received. There are several calibrations available, depending on the specific water matrix. Some water matrices may require dilution - check the manual for the right procedure. 

No. Caution should be taken to not introduce any water to the instrument. Instrument warranty does not cover water damage.

6 measurements can be run simultaneously. They are fully independent from each other, and can be started at different times.

For all our products, we offer a factory maintenance service that includes performing all recommended maintenance procedures, verifying the proper functioning of internal components, applying firmware updates (as available), and testing with real samples to ensure accurate calibration. 

For the ALERT Lab, we recommend annual maintenance to ensure all features, including the sampling system, remain operational. Additionally, we advise thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting the system’s exterior after each deployment and before storage. Please refer to our operating manual for further details.

Cartridges are single-use and cannot be recycled.

While we do not guarantee performance after the "Best By" date, this date is conservative and normally the reagents are fully functional several weeks after the "Best By" date. This is especially true if they have been stored in a fridge. You will need to watch the measurement curves and, if you start to see unusual shapes or features (e.g. rapid and sustained fluorescence increase in the first 2-3 hours of measurement), that could be a sign of the reagent aging. We can only recommend using reagents or cartridges that are within the “Best By” period.

Seawater ALERT System V2 cartridges have a 1-month shelf life and freshwater ALERT System V2 cartridges have a 3-month shelf life. We ensure fresh batches upon order receipt and offer scheduled reagent deliveries to align with your testing schedule, minimizing reagent waste. If you’d like to schedule reagent orders, please contact us at [email protected].

We do not recommend throwing away used cartridges. Ideally, contract a hazardous waste disposal company to remove them periodically. If that is not possible, inject the cartridge with bleach (4mL) using a syringe and adapter, before throwing it in the trash. Contact us at [email protected] for recommendations on the procedure and hardware requirements.

Please ensure that a fully charged battery is installed prior the deployment to ensure enough charge for all 7 cartridges. In very cold temperatures it is possible that even with a full charge, it will still not be enough to complete all 7 tests. In this case, we recommend reducing the incubation time from 14 hours (default value) to 12 or 10 hours.

A fully charged Li-ion battery should last through 7 measurements, each with a 14-hr incubation period. However, battery life varies with signal level, system temperature and measurement frequency during the deployment. A deep sleep mode is available for systems deployed for longer duration.

No, periodic calibration is not needed for measurement accuracy. The instrument is calibrated in the factory and is ready for use when received. There are several calibrations available, depending on the specific water matrix. Some water matrices (such as seawater) may require dilution and the use of a special cartridge preloaded with the dilution buffer.

7 measurements can be run simultaneously and independently.

Since the cartridges play an important role in keeping the system watertight, the system can only be deployed with all 7 cartridges installed. However, if you have less than 7 new cartridges you can still use them by installing them in the system and leaving the rest of the cells with used cartridges installed. Then, you only enable the cells with the new cartridges installed in the platform and leave the other cells disabled.

Samples are taken one at a time, but you can trigger a new sample within a few minutes.

No. At this time, the ALERT System V2 can only be used for E. coli/Total Coliforms or Fecal Coliforms measurements. New bacterial targets will be added, so check with us!

Some of our clients leave them deployed all year round, with only routine maintenance to take them out, add new cartridges, batteries, and clean them. We highly recommend performing the annual factory maintenance in order to ensure your ALERT System V2 is ready to spend another season outdoors.

Yes, but this requires customization. There are some systems that are currently installed with external power.

Yes, please check with the Fluidion team on options available. For example, a YSI EXO-2 probe can be integrated to work in parallel with the ALERT System V2, with data from both instruments reported to the Fluidion data analytics platform. Multiparameter probes and sensors from other manufacturers can also be used. 

For all our products, we offer a factory maintenance service that includes performing all recommended maintenance procedures, verifying the proper functioning of internal components, applying firmware updates (as available), and testing with real samples to ensure accurate calibration. 

For the ALERT System V2, we recommend annual maintenance to ensure all features, including the sampling system, remain operational and that the O-rings, which keep the system waterproof, are properly lubricated. Additionally, we advise thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting the system’s exterior after each deployment and before storage. Please refer to our operating manual for further details.

The Drone can be outfitted with water sampling capabilities, allowing for discrete water quality measurements on the collected samples. These can be performed using portable analyzers (e.g. ALERT Lab or ALERT One for microbiological measurements, or various portable chemical analysis kits) or be sent to an external laboratory, A multiparameter sonde can also be installed on the Drone, providing real-time in-situ water quality measurements during deployment. Typical measurements include: Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter (fDOM), pH, Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP), Conductivity, Turbidity, Chlorophyll (presence of algae and phytoplankton), Phycocyanin (presence of cyanobacteria). An ultrasonic depth sensor allows rapid bathymetry measurements, and the optional winch and depth profiler provides additional water column profiling capability, enabling measurements and sampling at various depths (max: 3m).

The Fluidion Drone can sample at depths of up to three meters.

The default Fluidion Drone sampling configuration allows for up to 14 bottles of 250 mL each. This can be customized for specific needs.

The Fluidion Drone's battery autonomy depends on the speed of the boat, number of thrusters and environmental conditions such as current and wind speed. Based on experience, the average autonomy is approximately three to four hours.

The Fluidion Drone is equipped with an FPV camera, allowing the operator to have video feedback and navigate without line-of-sight contact. However, we recommend maintaining a direct line of sight with the drone whenever possible, or having a spotter monitor it and assist the operator. This is particularly important in navigable waters, or when operating near bathing sites, or wherever people are present in the water.

Please make sure that the ALERT Lab is powered and that the Blue LED (GSM) is blinking slowly. If it's blinking fast for longer than a minute, please reset the unit (power off, wait 15 seconds, power back on) or try moving to another location. If the problem persists, please contact [email protected], precise the serial number of the unit. Our team will try to report back as soon as possible.

INIT is the message the device sends when it resets after a power up. The device may reset itself occasionally, which is part of normal operation. In case many INIT messages are visible, it could indicate an issue with the device or modem - please contact [email protected]. 

The system uses GSM/GPRS and LTE-M wireless communications technologies via an internal patch antenna. Communication is conducted using TLS/TCP/IP protocols for secure data transmission.

The user can:

Observe the Network LED (blue):

-Slow blink (1x/sec) = Connected to cellular network

-Fast blink (4x/sec) = Network unavailable

Send a <Ping> command via the Command Portal. A reply within 1–5 minutes confirms network connectivity.

No reply to a command within 5 minutes may indicate:

-Device is not connected to the cellular network.

-The system is in deep sleep or low-power mode.

-Poor GSM signal strength.

-The battery is discharged.

-Internal communication failure.

Check:

-Network LED blinking status.

-Battery status via manual or remote reading.

-GSM signal strength (SIG value) in the last received Ping response.

-Relocate the system to an area with better GSM/LTE signal.

-Ensure the battery is sufficiently charged.

-Ensure that the instrument is not obstructed by metal structures and has a clear view of the sky.

-Restart the device by disconnecting (wait 15s) and reconnecting the battery.

Send a <Ping> command. The system reply will include a SIG field:

Example: SIG: 28

Values are between 0 and 32. A value below 15 usually indicates a degraded signal, which may cause communication delays or failures.

Use the <Synchronization> command.

A successful response is: SYNC Finished.

If this fails, check the device’s signal strength and battery status.

Yes, the device will still collect ongoing test data and store it locally.

However, without network access:

-You won’t receive alerts or real-time data.

-You won’t be able to send commands to the device.

-Data upload will be delayed until the connection is restored.

Check the orange GPS LED:

-Fast blink = GPS signal unavailable

-Slow blink = GPS signal available

To troubleshoot:

-Make sure the device is not indoors or obstructed.

-Ensure GPS is turned ON (use the <GPS On> command if needed).

Remember that, if GPS is unavailable, you can manually set the GPS coordinates on the Data Analytics platform for any device or measurement record. Navigate to the Settings section of your instrument, and enter the GPS coordinates, in the following format: LONG,LAT (for example: -114.58186,32.7926700). For a specific measurement, select Detail from the Data History list, then Edit, and enter the new location coordinates.

The possible reasons are:

-The device has no GSM/LTE signal.

-Battery drained mid-measurement.

Use <Ping> command to check the current status.

-No LED activity after power-up (GPS and GSM LEDs should light).

-No response to <Ping> or any command.

In such cases:

-Verify power (battery level).

-Reboot device by reconnecting the battery.

If the problem persists, contact us at [email protected].

Make sure that you can see your device under the My Subscriptions tab from secure.data-fluidion.com and that its status is active. From that tab you can have direct access to the unit you are subscribed to. If your subscription expired you will only have access to historical data.

In case you want to renew your subscription, there are 2 ways:

-On the subscription detail page, click on the button "Renew the subscription", then fill in the form and click on the button "Send". We will get the request and take it from there.

-Send an email directly to [email protected], with the subscription number and device serial number.